Showing posts with label News. Show all posts
Showing posts with label News. Show all posts
Read this - news regulation
An area that most of you find tricky, have a look!
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/e/2PACX-1vRUb3yHrXOnk3VY2fdZ2okC_BUH3rJVzXj-D_3bq6QdhvhwTO7gmQ1gtDHAM8GLhMGtBd0wNnFeo4ga/pub?start=false&loop=false&delayms=3000&fbclid=IwAR2u27Ux-dyrDJXt7H0ALgrFVK0dfYJC0VQL_MOM0sBB-kwpfGQzi6kG33A&slide=id.p1
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/e/2PACX-1vRUb3yHrXOnk3VY2fdZ2okC_BUH3rJVzXj-D_3bq6QdhvhwTO7gmQ1gtDHAM8GLhMGtBd0wNnFeo4ga/pub?start=false&loop=false&delayms=3000&fbclid=IwAR2u27Ux-dyrDJXt7H0ALgrFVK0dfYJC0VQL_MOM0sBB-kwpfGQzi6kG33A&slide=id.p1
Revision tasks
The Guardian 13th May 2019
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Audience and Readership- who, how are they targeted, what pleasures/uses
(look at articles but also adverts) cut out and paste egs
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Analysis The Guardian print – covers- look at hard news/soft
news/news values/ratio text, image, look at representations and language
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Look at first ten pages examples of news values/ topics/ of hard
and soft news, when does soft news start and print eg
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Guardian website – screengrab main stories and analyse, what are the
links
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Social media/twitter/fb/Instagram screengrab look at posts and comments
choose some good examples
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Guardian website screengrabs of each link (point out no comments
underneath each story)
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Print grab in the week in 1829, subscribe or contribute sections, what
do they say, what are they there for
Daily
Mail 13th May 2019
·
Audience and Readership- who, how are they targeted, what pleasures/uses
(look at articles but also adverts) cut out and paste egs
·
Analysis The Daily Mail print – covers- look at hard news/soft
news/news values/ratio text, image
·
Look at first ten pages examples of news values/ topics/ of hard
and soft news, when does soft news start and print eg
·
DM website – screengrab main stories and analyse, what are the links (point
out no comments underneath each story)
·
Social media/twitter/fb/Instagram , they also have loads more than
Guardian screengrab look at posts and comments choose some good examples
·
Guardian website screengrabs of each link
News Values - CUPPTUNE revise these and apply them
Continuity - already in the news, continuation
Unexpectedness - a shock or out of the ordinary
Personalisation - human interest story
Proximity (closer to home)
Threshold - the bigger the impact and reach
Unambiguity - shock or out of the ordinary
Negativity - if it bleeds it leads
Elite persons/places
Unexpectedness - a shock or out of the ordinary
Personalisation - human interest story
Proximity (closer to home)
Threshold - the bigger the impact and reach
Unambiguity - shock or out of the ordinary
Negativity - if it bleeds it leads
Elite persons/places
FACTS TO REMEMBER - after news 2 assessment!
Political contexts
- Newspaper aligned to political parties or ideologies. Leveson report criticised links between politicians and newspaper producers.
- UK has history of Press Freedom- no legal interference but permitted to be politically biased.
- Power of online media- fake news, Cambridge Analytica. IPSO
THE
GUARDIAN
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THE
DAILY MAIL
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Broadsheet
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Mid-market tabloid
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Left leaning/Labour/Lib Dem
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Right wing/Conservative
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More Remain/Pro European
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Pro-Brexit/Anti European
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Middle class 18+ (uni paper)
ABC1
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Middle aged, middle England C1C2D
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Forward thinking, liberal
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Traditional British and pro Royal
values
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Hard/World news with a specialty
edition every day of the week ie creative, cooking etc well known guide to
the arts
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Sensationalises hard news, focuses
more on soft and celeb news as well as local UK stories. Takes itself
seriously with absurd stories.
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Tends to be more objective –top journalism
is a priority
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Tends to be more subjective – takes liberties
with the truth
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Interesting facts:
- Newspapers supporting Brexit before the referendum were Daily Mail (the most articles), Daily Star and Daily Telegraph
- The new editor for the Daily Mail is Geordie Greig who always supported Remain when he led the Mail on Sunday
- Newspapers supporting Remain The Guardian, Daily Mirror and Financial Times (not left wing)
- The average reading age of the UK population is 9 years – that is, they have achieved the reading ability normally expected of a 9 year old. The Guardian has a reading age of 14 and the Sun has a reading age of 8.
- 2017 saw a large number of ‘multiple’ complaints, where more than one similar complaint was made about the same article, which has contributed to the high number of complaints received. Unsurprisingly, newspapers with the largest circulations received the highest number of complaints with The Sun topping the list of most complaints received with 4,847 complaints, followed by the Daily Mail (4,176), Mail Online (3,536), Metro (1,500) and The Mail on Sunday (1,452).
LIAR Grid for Newspapers
Use this grid and adopt your notes depending on the edition you are revising from. Keep adding to it as you learn more facts .
L
Media Language
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I
Industry
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Genre conventions: Changed to tabloid size
in 200 but retains many genre conventions of its original broadsheet form:
Masthead- blue
with white font- recently changed from sans serif to a serif, slightly more
ornate font, perhaps to connote/signify more serious or sophisticated brand
Headline-
paraphrases Trump’s denial of criticising the British PM; the recently coined
phrase “fake news” is synonymous with Trump and creates slightly mocking
representation of the US president. See industry.
Splash and copy- words with negative connotations
used to describe Trump as “rambling and occasionally surreal” in an “extraordinary
press conference” covering a “dizzying range” of topics. The discourse implies
incompetence and focuses on Trump’s unconventional presentation style that he
is often ridiculed for.
Images- Large,
central, slightly comical image that represents Trump as bullish and domineering
through gesture codes, confidently striding whilst holding the British PM
firmly by the arm. The US and UK flags connote patriotism and act as a
reminder of the special relationship the countries have historically.
Supplements-
Positive lexis “incredible journey”,
“award-winning”; direct address “your” with attractive images to promote
them.
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Steve Neale-
genre is a process by which genre codes and conventions are shared by
producers and audiences through repetition in media products.
Roland Barthes-
semiology is the study of signs. Signs have denotations and connotations.
These can create ‘myths’.
This is when
ideological meanings are formed by repetition. E.g. Trump’s rise to power, as
a populist ‘anti-establishment’ businessman turned politician is a myth he
himself promotes. His hair is a ‘signifier’ of this and a “magical object”
that people come to associate with his mythology.
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Ownership:
Funded by Scott Trust, existing solely
to support the production of the Guardian and purports to uphold journalistic
freedom and liberal values
Advertisers include car manufacturers,
wine clubs, electrical stores, supermarkets (co-op), tech brands which
generate revenue for the Guardian newspaper.
Regulation:
UK has free press.
Self-regulated rather than IPSO. Administered
by an independent readers’ editor with an appeals panel back-up.
Distribution/circulation:
Print sales in decline due to
technology and availability of free online news. Offers a subscription service
to encourage regular customers, which rewards with reduced price. Also offers
home delivery service within M25. See Audience. Still considered more
trustworthy as a source than online outlets and most print newspapers (e.g.
compared to Daily Mail, audience trust scores are high) with high standards
of fact-checking and impartiality which would not be possible online due to
the expectation of fast news by audiences.
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Curran
and Seaton- Power and Media
Industries
The Guardian is unique in that it is not
owned by a conglomerate. C &S looked at how capitalism creates a pattern
of increasing concentration of ownership into fewer hands which narrows the
range of opinions and puts profit ahead of creativity or quality.
Hesmondhalgh- Cultural Industries
Cultural production owned and
controlled by a few conglomerates- not in the case of the Guardian.
Livingstone
and Lunt- Regulation
Looked at how technology (digital
media, media convergence, globalised media industries) has made traditional
regulation (like Ofcom/IPSO) more difficult.
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A
Audience
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R
Representation
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Demographics: lower % of over 65s (DM has highest), 28% are
Millenials (under 35s) , with an even gender split. 86% are ABC1 and 65%
educated to degree level or higher.
Psychographics: Guardian say- progressive, active fashion and tech
consumers, well-travelled, finance savvy, affluent and well educated, passion
for food, art and culture.
Political affiliations:
Left wing. Tend to be Labour or Liberal Democrat voters. Therefore discourse
tends to favour more liberal, progressive narrative. This is reflected in the
representation of Trump. It may also cultivate that opinion in its readers
|
Stuart
Hall- reception theory
Text producers encode, audiences
decode. Their responses are shaped by a range of social, cultural factors and
may be preferred, negotiated or oppositional. A preferred reading of the
splash and main image would be one that sees Trump as lacking finesse and
ability as a politician.
Clay
Shirkey- End of Audience
Print newspapers use the old model of
‘filter then publish’, hence more reliable than online. See Industry.
|
Trump is represented
as confident, bullish and somewhat incompetent. See Media Language.
The image depicts
him as in control, front and centre compositionally; head raised to the
cameras, whilst May faces the floor, his hand on her arm (as if she is being
escorted somewhere). His raised hand connotes a playfulness but when anchored
by the headline about fake news, is also conspiratorial, which further
reinforces ideas about Trump’s unconventional relationship with the media.
Men are represented
in two ways in the splash and the teaser for the World Cup souvenir. In the
Trump story, we can see a traditional representation where the male
politician appears to be in control and have political power. This is
contradicted somewhat through the article’s undermining of Trump’s
credibility. Nonetheless, he still remains the focus of the lead story about
their meeting.
The footballers display a range of emotions
but the main one is Harry Kane, teeth bared in a show of passion or
aggression. Overall, the images represent men in a traditional way: athletic
and competitive, but it could be suggested that the image of Jordan Pickford
crying offers a more modern representation.
|
Stuart Hall-
representation is not about whether the media distorts or reflects reality
because that suggests there is a ‘true’ meaning, when in fact many meanings can
be generated in the audience.
Gauntlett-
identity
Media helps
audiences to shape their own ideas about identity. The media offers a diverse
range of identities for us to consider, particularly new media.
Van Zoonen- Feminist
theory
In patriarchal
culture, women’s bodies represented as objects, mens’ as spectacle.
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Daily Mail / Guardian newspapers November 7 2018 - create a table, print screen examples, answer the questions below
| ; |
Apply print analysis
skills colour, layout, image, language, typography and meaning. Write up your findings for revision.
When
does the newspaper go from hard news to soft news, what page?
What do
the adverts say about the readers?
Find
examples from the newspapers that demonstrate opinions, news values, ideas,
beliefs…
What
other findings?
News contexts
Media Contexts
For Q3/4, you will need to show knowledge and understanding of the
influence of media contexts on some element of the industry (eg. ownership,
regulation, funding, etc.)
Social
How producers reflect
their society- the social anxieties, the agreements, conflicts and
inequalities between social groups.
Issues of class, race, inequality and
conflict.
Attitudes to gender, sexual
orientation.
Audiences categorised by psychometrics
as well as demographics.
Social identity politics- me too,
black lives matter.
|
Cultural
How media products reflect their surrounding
culture- the way of life, the arts and popular culture; including cultural
change, conflicts and ideologies.
Online technology- most consume news
online and through social media.
Younger audiences prefer online over
print.
Less inclined to pay for content as
available for free digitally.
Print traditionally seen as more
prestigious than online.
Prosumers.
Convergence and synergy.
Citizen journalism.
Fake news- lack of regulation online.
|
Economic
The influence of the economic system on media,
including on funding, the profit motive and competition between producers.
Journalism driven by profit motive in
free market capitalism.
Money raised from advertising
increased importance of marketing.
Loss of revenue from print news as
news moves online.
Mail owned by powerful conglomerate.
Guardian funded by Scott Trust,
quality over profit.
Paywalls and other ways of raising
revenue.
|
Political
The political system and forces within which the
media operate and which they influence, particularly the effect of these on
ownership and control and regulation.
Newspaper aligned to political parties
or ideologies.
Leveson report criticised links
between politicians and newspaper producers.
UK has history of Press Freedom- no
legal interference but permitted to be politically biased.
Power of online media- fake news,
Cambridge Analytica.
IPSO
|
Historical
How media products reflect historical events and
historical changes in other contexts.
Egs
Leveson enquiry
Technological progress.
Major events Brexit, Trump.
Political conflict.
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Blog Tasks 1B
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BLOG
TASKS 1B
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Label
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Title
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Task
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Done
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LIAR
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Assessment 1A
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Upload and reflect on where you
can improve
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Print and online comparison
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Screencast online and print
comparison
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Representation of Youth
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Anarchy article worksheet
(revision task 4)
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Representation
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Bias in the news
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Homework table, one front cover
per bias
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Gerbner
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Front covers polarising news
stories (task 1)
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Language
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Tabloids v Broadsheets
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Codes and conventions of
tabloids and broadsheets
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Front cover analysis
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Front cover analysis
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Newspaper article analysis
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Newspaper article analysis
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Mirror v Times language
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Analyse
the twins’ article (task 2)
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DM vs Guardian online
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Leeds
car crash online analysis (task 3)
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Industry, Audience
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Newspaper circulation and
readership. Print/Online
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Circulation and Readership
table
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Industry
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News history and regulation
IPSO
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Construction
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Newspaper front cover –planning
and evaluation
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Vocabulary
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News terminology video
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News values
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Theory
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Shirky – end of audience
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